n na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny

Перевод: nonstandard

[прилагательное]
нестандартный

Тезаурус:

1. Nonstandard speech is appropriated to signify masculinity by even middle-class men.
2. More recently a fourth explanation has been put forward: that men have stronger community ties than women and this favours men's more nonstandard speech.
3. In one of these, the Clonard, she found that younger women used more nonstandard forms on certain variables than did young men.
4. But it seemed the educators in question had simply failed to understand the structural rules of nonstandard grammars, and as linguists successfully argued, their claims were meaningless.
5. Thus in a working-class network, well-integrated speakers have high nonstandard scores.
6. The shift toward standard English is associated with young Black women - not older Black women or white women (who do not, of course, speak Gullah, but do speak a strongly nonstandard variety).
7. If, as linguists argue, the strength of these ties correlates with the degree to which speech reflects nonstandard (vernacular) norms, the finding that men are more nonstandard than women makes perfect sense.
8. Robin Lakoff suggests that the prohibition on women using language forcefully extends to nonstandard pronunciation as well.
9. In each case one variant is standard and the other nonstandard.
10. Rather, they recognise that such "nonstandard dialects are highly structured systems" and that "the adult or child who uses these rules must have formed at some level of psychological organisation clear concepts of "tense marker", "verb phrase", "rule ordering", "sentence embedding", "pronoun" and many other grammatical categories which are essential parts of any logical system" (ibid. p. 45).
11. This approach has found that in close-knit, working-class urban and rural peasant communities (the types it has usually studied to date), an individual's use of nonstandard forms correlates well with their degree of integration into the community or "network strength".
12. The "talking like a lady" explanation is a mirror-image of Peter Trudgill's suggestion - which is based once again on his Norwich informants' responses to self-evaluation questions - that men give "covert prestige" to working-class nonstandard speech, associating its roughness with masculinity.